Effects of Shopping Addiction

Effects of Shopping Addiction Shopping is a necessary part of life. We shop for food, clothing, cars, homes, or anything that may be a necessity to survive. If shopping is necessary, how can it also be an addiction? The answer is the same as with other addictions. According to Wikipedia, addiction is the continued use of a mood altering substance or behavior despite adverse dependency consequences or a neurological impairment leading to such behaviors. Oniomania, which is a Greek word meaning â€Å"for sale† is the technical term for the compulsive desire to shop, more commonly referred to as shopping addiction.Shopping addiction may be considered an impulse control disorder, an obsessive compulsive disorder, a bipolar disorder, or even a clinical addiction. Due to recent research it is now being compared to alcoholism, eating disorders and drug abuse. There is growing evidence that it is a significant and worsening problem with serious consequences both emotional and financia l. Shopping addiction is initially triggered by a mild need to feel special and less lonely. The failure of excessive shopping to actually fulfill these needs often lead to a vicious cycle of escalation.This then causes the person to experience the highs and lows associated with other addictions. The high of the shopping may be followed by a sense of disappointment, and of guilt, precipitating a further cycle of impulse buying in the quest for a sense of special identity. Now that the addicted person is increasingly feeling negative emotions like anger and stress, they attempt to self medicate through further shopping, followed again by regret or depression once they return home, which leads to an urge for another shopping spree.This person is now an addict and shopping is the drug of choice. The consequences of shopping addiction can be devastating, with marriages, longterm relationships, and jobs. Other consequences are financial which can include ruined credit history, theft and bankruptcy or extreme debt. The emotional effects range from anxiety due to stress that can also result to physical health problems and ruined relationships, or even suicide. Research has shown that compulsive shoppers and spenders also suffer from mood disorders, substance abuse or eating disorders.According to Elizabeth Hartney, â€Å"People with compulsive shopping addiction often have concurrent substance and or behavioral addiction problems, or â€Å"cross over† to other addictions at some point in their lives. Studies show that alcohol problems occur in 28% to 46% of compulsive buyers; other substance use disorders occur in 13% to 20% of compulsive shoppers; paraphilias and sex addictions occur in 10% to 13% of compulsive shoppers; and pathological gambling occurs in 5% to 20% of compulsive shoppers. â€Å"Impairment in relationships may occur as a result of excessive spending and efforts to cover up debt or purchases. Persons who engage in compulsive shopping or spen ding may become pre-occupied with that behavior and spend less and less time with important people in their lives. It is also common for an addict to begin lying and hiding their purchases from their family and keeping their spending to themselves. Relationships often suffer as friends are not repaid, spouses and family members are not repaid, and necessary home bills can not be paid.Family members do without because of the shopping addict's out of control use of money, which in turn puts a strain on their relationship. The trust between the addict and members of the family is often lost and this causes the addict to exclude themselves which increases the urge to fulfill the void. The anxiety or depression experienced may result in the interference of work and other social activity. Financial problems may occur if money is burrowed or there is excessive use of credit to make purchases. Most addict's find themselves in deep financial debt due to compulsive spending.They then are put into situations where there debt has become overwhelming and put them in dire restraints, leaving them unable to pay off bank loans, school fees, mortgages and other overhead costs. Many addicts lose their jobs due to the fact that they are unable to fulfill their duties. In the case of a shopping addict, they may steal from their employer which results in them being fired. Shopping addiction can also have an effect on students. If a student is suffering from shopping addiction, their level of concentration decreases and their grades suffer.The student becomes less motivated because they become fixated on their addiction to shop. There is also the risk of the student stealing from classmates or school property to support their addiction. This in turn can tarnish friendships and result in the student becoming expelled from school. According to Andrea Allen, â€Å"The creation of a condition such as compulsive buying might be associated with controversy and criticized by some as crea ting a trivial disorder; â€Å"medicalizing† a â€Å"moral† problem or creating a new disorder in order to sell more pharmaceuticals. Many people still classify compulsive shopping to not be an â€Å"addiction† which makes it a controversial topic. Some think it is an excuse for people to label their moral problem as a disorder. Some think that doctors may be trying to make it a medical disorder to sell medication to consumers believed to be suffering from such a disorder. Truth is almost anything can become an addiction, once it is something that gives you a physical or mental high and you become dependent on that feeling to fill voids and function from day to day.

Apple Powerbook Case Write-Up

After the failed release of Apple’s first miniaturized computer, the Portable, the company was faced with the likelihood of losing significant ground in the mobile computing market if it didn’t bring a product to market at record speed. Apple had anticipated the Portable would be competitive enough to maintain market share until its longer term â€Å"Companion† project was complete. However, thirty-six months remained until Companion would be ready. Weak sales coupled with Compaq introducing the far superior LTE notebook created intense pressure to bring a product to market in the next 18 months that could serve as a placeholder until the Companion arrived. Bringing a product to market this quickly was no easy task. The new portable needed to be small and compact, yet the short timeline meant only existing technologies would be available. If that was not challenging enough, the company culture was such that most products had a time-to-market of 48 months and involved a slow bureaucratic process with multiple departments needing to sign-on for each decision. Additionally, Apple still had not fully confronted the notion that their desktop core competencies were not necessarily going to translate into success in mobile computing. Despite these long odds, Apple not only prevailed, but created a revolutionary product called the PowerBook that brought in billions of dollars in revenue and revolutionized the conventional wisdom behind the company’s design philosophy. Part of Apple’s struggle in mobile computing stemmed from being the pioneer of desktops. The company felt it knew what the market wanted based on its previous success. It was with the desktop in mind that Apple released the Portable, a mobile computer designed to do everything that a current desktop could do with the added benefit of being able to collapse into a carrying case and be taken on the road. At a staggering 17 pounds and a cost of $5000, the Portable was met with plenty of skepticism and was doomed for failure. The company had simply failed to take the customer’s needs into consideration. Instead of making it smaller and lighter, as the market demanded, Apple focused on functionality and battery life. This contributed to problematic weight and size problems for the machine. The failure to recognize what consumers demanded wasn’t Apple’s only development flaw. They also failed to recognize how quickly technological trends and consumer tastes were changing. The company was still developing products on a three to four year cycle and had yet to embrace a time-to-market philosophy. Instead priorities were still â€Å"time-to-perfection† with the company maintaining that it would not bring anything to market ‘before its time’. Additionally, they still had a desktop mentality, which meant strict design regulations that hindered the development of a sleeker, lighter computer. It was a combination of these factors that led to the failed release of the Portable and created the immediate need to development the PowerBook. As Apple scrambled to assemble the PowerBook team, the project objective was clear; get a mobile computer to market at record speed and keep the size and weight to a minimum. The speed of develop was a major challenge to overcome and it was mainly due to the organizational structure. Apple structured its company by functions and departments. And instead of dedicating specific resources for a project, each department supported all projects. This led to a cumbersome and lengthy decision making process which typically involved project managers struggling to get objectives accomplished. Often times the project manager was relegated in authority and routinely superseded by functional heads with all decisions inevitably at the mercy of the president of Apple Products, John Louis Gassee. Apple realized its current structure lacked the dexterity to meet its time-to-market objective and driven by necessity made several key decisions to secure time-to-market success. First, Apple made the decision to organize the company into separate divisions: desktop and portable. Second, they decentralized engineering and product marketing, with the immediate goal of building a new portable engineering group. Lastly, although their Product and Industrial Design teams remained centralized, it was agreed that personnel from those teams would co-locate for the PowerBook project to ensure everyone was â€Å"breathing the same air and talking the same talk†. Revamping the organization structure was a key step but there were still many missteps and obstacles that nearly derailed the project. One major issue was the allocation of personnel. Despite the intense pressure and importance of the PowerBook, the company still listed the project very low in terms of priority. All of the â€Å"A† talent was dedicated to the Companion project and the PowerBook team was left with either junior level engineers or employees with only desktop computer experience. Inexperience coupled with intense pressure produced multiple mistakes along the way. Design standards were initially poor and prototype builds revealed several critical errors with manufacturing tolerances. All together, a list of 150 items was compiled of issues that the team felt needed to be addressed but it looked unlikely that the time and resources were available to make all the changes. Additionally, the PowerBook team had to overcome intense resistance from its manufacturing department. Manufacturing was accustomed to snap-together desktops and had a very difficult time coming to grips with how they could possibly assemble a portable with 47 screws. The initial reaction from manufacturing was â€Å"we can’t build this thing†. Product verification testing also proved to be treacherous. The deadline was so tight that after the manufacturing process was well underway and thousands of displays were already in inventory the risk was still present that changes may be needed. This would produce a significant waste of resources. Lastly, the PowerBook team was confronted with bringing its new creative, ergonomic design to life, while dealing with size constraints as well as a mechanical engineering team who was on the critical path and working under a â€Å"we’ll do it if we have time† approach. Despite the long list of reasons why the project should have failed, it didn’t. In the midst of all the missteps, Apple made several key decisions which propelled the project to success. One area where Apple thrived was in staffing. Although the engineers lacked experienced, the management involved in the project were innovative, creative, passionate, and practical. They worked tirelessly to make the project a reality and cared very deeply about its success. It was their innovation and tireless effort that slowly caused the project to transform. The team came to the realization that â€Å"a notebook was not a piece of business equipment that someone operated; it was a personal object with which they formed a relationship. † It was this realization that drove the project’s success. The project became not only about size but about ergonomics and about finding a way to form a connection with the user. It was with this approach that ingenious designs such as the center-mouse trackball and the use of curves took hold. Slowly the PowerBook was morphed from a product simply meant to catch-up to the market to something that surpassed any other notebook available. The team also made several other key decisions that made the PowerBook a success. One key determination was to include the internal floppy drive. There was much discussion if this was a necessary component yet key members of the project argued for its inclusion and it was later determined the product would not have been nearly as successful without it. Another key decision was dealing with the 150 issues that were identified after the prototype build. Originally, only 5 to 10 items were going to be changed. However after much discussion, it was determined the PowerBook would not be a success unless they fixed every last issue. To complete such a major overhaul in a short period of time they pulled all resources from the entire portable organization and were able to complete all the modifications in a reasonable amount of time. As one project member later admitted, fixing all 150 items turned the PowerBook into â€Å"something that I would be proud of versus a piece of junk†. One final trait that the PowerBook team used to make the project a success was persuasiveness. There was organizational resistance throughout the project. From convincing senior management to embrace the ergonomic design to convincing manufacturing that they had the ability to assemble a computer with 47 screws, the team used persuasiveness throughout the project to eventually turn a vision into reality. Apple ultimately took a big risk with the PowerBook and it paid tremendous dividends. Along the way they learned a great deal about listening to their customer and designing to their preferences. The company transformed from designing around homogeneous parameters to instead designing to the customer’s specific desires. Consequently, their product line became more flexible and adaptable to the marketplace. Apple also matured operationally during this process. Prior to the PowerBook, the organization was not designed to be time-to-market, however necessity forced Apple to restructure to keep pace with competition. The company’s human capital also benefited heavily. Mobile computer experience was at a minimum prior to the project, however the process eventually led to a much smoother release of the Companion computer several years later. The PowerBook project was fraught with potential disaster. But inevitably the company overcame many adversities and released a revolutionary product that redefined the standard of excellence in mobile computing.

The Stranger from Albrt Camus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Stranger from Albrt Camus - Essay Example Firstly, there was no ethical compulsion on Meursault to kill that unknown person without any cause. In businesses, some companies often produce some unethical moves especially against their cutthroat competitors. Those tactics might not have any legal consequence but they are unethical nevertheless. Secondly, businesses do not believe in humanity or feelings for humanity. They carry out their businesses only to maximize the wealth of owners regardless of humanity being suffered simultaneously. In exactly the same way, the act of Meursault on her mother’s funeral demonstrates the lack of feelings for humanity. The relationship of Meursault has been quite absurd such that there is a justification or rational of doing any particular conduct. Even killing a person should have any particular reason. This shows that Meursault did not believe in existentialism as he thought that a human life does not have any purpose for existence. The existence of human is not necessary according to Meursault and he better thought of getting rid of the person by killing him, showing an absurd state of

Arabic Version of The Da Vinci Code Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Arabic Version of The Da Vinci Code - Essay Example Culture plays a key role in good translation. Likewise, a good translation transmits language with simple terms and phrases that can be understood by simple folk in a way that the meaning is not lost or is almost similar with that of the source text. How do you say "the mother of God" if that is not clearly understood in the target language, like in the Muslim or Arab world Muslims understand Mary as the mother of the "prophet" Jesus but not as the mother of God. Culture specific terms have to be dealt with clearly, i.e. the actual message being conveyed by the source language must be the message and meaning that should be understood by the target language. Two cultures are involved in the process. Translation is still highly valued and is required for science, politics, diplomacy, education, literature and many other uses. Although translating for all the variety of purposes is subject to many rules with many books and theories written on methods, translating works of literature alone stands out as most problematic. As Hatim and Mason (1990, p.188) argue, the more culture bound a text is, the more scope there may be for modification. "Translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and/or statement in one language by the same message and/or statement in another language" (Newmark, 1981, cited in Hariyanto, S.) Translating a sentence of the Da Vinci Code from English to Arabic requires a lot of skill and knowledge to be able to convey the real intention and meaning from the source text to target language. There are many considerations in this translation. Two cultures have to be properly understood in going into the meaning and message of the whole literature or book. Words are not translated literally but should be translated in such a way that they can be read between the lines, the way it should be understood by the Arab audience. Cultural elements within translation have been researched; authors such as Dickens, Harvey and Baker have discussed the techniques used in order to circumvent problems. They suggest four degrees of cultural transposition, from the extreme exoticism to the other extreme, cultural transplantation, with two intermediate degrees, cultural borrowing and communicative translation. Cultural transposition by Dickins et al. will, therefore, be the focus of this research. Research Questions: 1. What is translation 2. What is the relation between language and culture - translation and culture 3. What is faithfulness in translation And should the translator be faithful to the source text or target text 4. How should the translator deal with culture-specific terms in a text 5. Do the books I am going to examine meet the needs and expectations of their readers

Public Policy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Public Policy - Assignment Example The first step will be to create public awareness about the negative social effects of incarceration and about the need to help families of the incarcerated so that they survive with dignity. The second step will be to strengthen institutions which can support these families. The third aspect of this policy enforcement is related to allowing greater interaction between the incarcerated and their families. The public awareness campaign can be conducted in consultation with Children and families of Incarcerated Parents Advisory Committee. The Outreach and Education Subcommittee of the Advisory Committee can spearhead this campaign. Meetings of heads and members of institutions entrusted with the welfare of the families of incarcerated children can be convened to discuss possible steps to improve their functioning. Regarding the possibility of developing better communication between the incarcerated and their families, â€Å"parent education classes for inmates, a therapeutic child centered facility serving children of female inmates and examination of current rules and practices including visiting, mail and phones† have been some measures being suggested (Oregon.gov, July 4 2010). There have been many studies conducted on the impact of constant and good contact with the family on the rehabilitation of an incarcerated person and the results have been amazing. Findings of various studies have showed that: strong family relationships have positive outcomes on rates of delinquency for children of incarcerated parents†¦.effects of parental criminality are mediated by parental attachment†¦.frequent contact with children while incarcerated, facilitates future reunification†¦.male inmates who maintain strong family ties have much better post-release success†¦ for those who resume responsible husband and parenting roles, there are higher rates of success†¦. inmates who maintained frequent outside contacts while in prison

Appraising Legal Concerns Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Appraising Legal Concerns - Research Paper Example Contract Law Contract law is the most fundamental governing law of any procurement project. It is because procurement projects commence after signing the legal contract. Managers must be completely aware of all legal obligations of a contract so they may not step out of line. A comprehensive definition of contract law is; â€Å"An agreement between two or more persons which creates an  obligation to do or not to do a particular thing. Its essentials are competent  parties, subject matter, a legal consideration, mutuality of agreement, and mutuality of obligation.† (Fleming, 2003) But more suitable definition of contract law (regarding procurement management) is; â€Å"A contract is a mutually binding agreement that obligates the seller  to provide the specified product and obligates the buyer to pay for  it† (Institute, 2000) However, most of procurement projects involve more than just mere buying and selling of goods and services. Procurement includes partnersh ips and joint ventures and they legally bind the participants to perform an action. That is why it is better to use the definition for contract law which has a broader perspective. Taking a deeper look into the broader definition, following ten points can be concluded; a. A contract is a promise between two or more people or two or more parties b. ... The other party that needs to accept the offer has to accept it unconditionally f. If the accepting party wants to make adjustments (modification) to the original offer, the original offer will become void and a new offer will be formed. This process can continue until there is an offer from one party and an unconditional acceptance of it by the other. g. Concurrency is obligatory; all parties to the contract must agree to the same exact terms. h. A contract becomes only legal when there is ‘consideration’ involved. Consideration is anything that has value and is offered in exchange of something (goods or service). Consideration doesn’t necessarily have to be of the same value. i. The purpose of a contract should be legal as illegal contracts have negligible value in the eyes of law. j. All contracts need to be in the proper legally acceptable format. This usually requires the contract to be in black and white form (on paper) and signed. Mostly real estate contrac ts and contracts of simple buying/selling are classic examples (Fleming, 2003). Agency law By the standards of this law, any agent that will be appointed by the company (principal) will hold the same position in the deciding about procuring goods as the CEO. In other words, the agent will be acting on behalf of the company. Whatever contract he will enter the company into, the company will be liable to abide by the rules and promises of that contract. In the Latin phrase, the relationship between agent and principal is described by the  phrase,  qui facit per alium, facit per se, i.e.  the one who acts through another, acts in his or her own interests (Wikipedia contributors, 2011). Regarding the matter at hand which

Leadership in Health Care Organizations Practicum Coursework - 13

Leadership in Health Care Organizations Practicum - Coursework Example b or task, which he or she wishes to pursue besides having interest in instead of guessing and giving that responsibility to a staff that may end up messing due to disinterest. Hence, ensuring effectiveness of a given workforce for the people assigning duties will be giving to an individual whom he or she knows would execute that task effectively. Additionally, knowing colleague’s professional goals is essential especially in offering right information concerning which direction they ought to take. This is essential when one may not be having adequate information on how to pursue his or her goals. Adequate information in this case implies knowing which appropriate institutions to enroll and realize those goals as well as have quality education. Since, much of the quality information relating to a certain profession the pursuer may be unaware about except through his or her colleagues (Couchenour & Chrisman, 2014). Therefore, in knowing a colleague’s career not only enables informing them where and at what extend they need to seek more knowledge in good institutions but also becomes easier for their respective mentors guide them as necessitated. Knowing a colleague’s is not only essential when assigning varied specific tasks but also helpful for a firm or any other specialized organization when undertaking its periodic appraisal exercises. Mainly, these exercises aim to develop employees with the intention of ensuring competent workforce not only during the present time but also in future, which is not easy without having interests in knowing one’s career goals. Hence, aiding the firm through its members manage to help others reach their targets with ease contrary to when an individual only focuses on own life and goals. The essence of knowing colleague’s aspirations helps one choose wisely based on interests whom to associate with especially in the case of joining efforts in future in pursuit of certain common goals. This is particularly critical in

Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Autism Spectrum Disorder - Essay Example The difficulty with ASD with regard to diagnosis is that there are no markers from biology to identify the condition, and so clinical interviews are the primary means of diagnosis (Skafidas et al. 2012). Moreover, as with other mental health conditions, the definition of the condition has been shifting, leading to changes as well in the way some of the conditions associated with ASD are viewed, diagnosed, and treated (Carey 2012; Wallace 2012). Be that as it may, there are universally accepted key markers for autism in general and for ASD in particular, including an inability to function well in social settings, due to shortcomings in skills tied to communication and general social skills (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association 2013).   Moreover, the qualifications above notwithstanding, the medical literature is clear as to what the symptoms and signs of ASD are. Some of the literature classifies the symptoms along three categories, social skills, communication skills, and r eacting to the general outside reality. With regard to the third category, people with ASD show a lack of fear when facing danger, object attachments of unusual intensity, difficulties adjusting to routine alterations,   sleeping and eating problems, and movements of self-stimulation, such as rocking. Communication skills symptoms include problems with articulation of needs, difficulty in being able to address questions, and echoing back words said to them. Social skills symptoms include inability to make eye contact.... Moreover, the qualifications above notwithstanding, the medical literature is clear as to what the symptoms and signs of ASD are. Some of the literature classifies the symptoms along three categories, social skills, communication skills, and reacting to the general outside reality. With regard to the third category, people with ASD show a lack of fear when facing danger, object attachments of unusual intensity, difficulties adjusting to routine alterations, sleeping and eating problems, and movements of self-stimulation, such as rocking. Communication skills symptoms include problems with articulation of needs, difficulty in being able to address questions, and echoing back words said to them. Social skills symptoms include inability to make eye contact, difficulties in making friends, aversion to touch, and ill-timed and mismatching emotional reactions (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association 2013). Another set of literature meanwhile focuses likewise on the inability of childr en with ASD to develop imagination in the social sense, such as an inability to participate in what is known as pretend play or social play (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association 2013; The National Autistic Society 2013). Then too, there are aspects of ASD associated with children regressing in terms of the skill sets identified above, from a point of prior more advanced proficiency or level of development (National Institutes of Health 2013). III. Teaching Strategies The literature describes many teaching strategies and interventions that have been known to be effective in improving learning and life outcomes for children with ASD, developed over

Individual Financial Planning Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Individual Financial Planning - Case Study Example They expect to live for the next 25 years. Their estimated capital at the time of retirement will be $ 474,780.44. My advice is to invest this capital in the ratio of 60: 40 in investment grade bonds and high dividend payout equity stocks. That means 60% or $ 284,868.264 should be invested in investment grade bonds. 40% or $ 189,912.176 should be invested in equity stocks. The annual yield of investment grade bonds estimated by me is 6.6% (based on historical yields). The annual returns of equity stocks estimated by me (based on historical returns) are 18%. This investment will give the clients an annual income of $ $ 52,985.4971 per annum and fulfill their investment objectives. Why is my advice appropriate? My advice is appropriate for you because: i) It will enable you to achieve your investment objective of earning a yearly income of $ 50,000 in the years after your retirement. ii) It is within your risk preferences. iii) It will create a diversified portfolio. iv) It also leaves aside capital for the clients to pursue their hobbies of camping and traveling. Risks in my advice: The main disadvantages of my investment advice are: 1) The actual returns on the investments in equity stocks may be different from the estimated ones. This is due to the inherent market risks. 2) The estimated yield on investment grade bonds may be different from the historical yields. What else do you need to know? ( Fee and Commission) Why should you trust me? I have extensive experience in financial planning. Over the years I have acquired for myself a reputation of ethical professional behavior. I have supported my every advice in this statement with clear and transparent reasons. Based on my track record, my professional qualifications and competence, I see no reason why you should not trust me. Fee & Commission: My fee for preparing this advice is $ 7000. In case the clients decide to follow my advice and allow me to manage their investment portfolio, I will charge a managemen t fee of 1% of the portfolio size, per annum. Section 1: Important Information about you: Your goals and objectives: Investment objectives of the clients: An after-tax income of $ 50,000 per annum after retirement. The clients are spouses. Their current age is 50 years. Both of them intend to retire at the age of 60. They expect to live till the age of 85. The clients also want to have access to some initial capital so that they can pursue their hobbies of camping and traveling after their retirement years Your personal information: Client and Spouse: Item Client Spouse/Partner Title Mr Mrs Surname Halfpenny Halfpenny Given & preferred names Robert (Bob) Dina (Din) Home address 12 Median St, Urbania, NSW Ditto Business address - - Contact phone 02 49 888444 (H) - Age 50 yrs 50 yrs Smoker Yes No ? Yes No ? Expected retirement age 60 yrs 60 yrs Your financial information: Employment Details, Income & Expenditure Employment Details: Item Client Spouse/Partner Occupation Production Supe rvisor Astrologer Employment Status Self employed ? Employee Self employed ? Employee Not employed Pensioner Not employed Pensioner ? Permanent Part-time Permanent ? Part-time Casual Contractor Casual Contractor Business Status Sole trader Partnership Sole trader Partnership Private co. Trust Private co. Trust Other information, notes, questions: Dina has worked within a clairvoyant practice for a few years now and her pay is $14,500

Children literacy Essay Example for Free

Children literacy Essay The purpose of this story is to improve children literacy. This story helps children to learn different animal names and different things. User can listen and read to story as well. Audience: The audience of this story are children age 4 7 and this story will help them to learn names of different things and animals and will improve their grammar. I found that by reading the story and it also has been mentioned on the website. The purpose of final product is to provide entertainment so I will need to include this feature however I will make sure that the text on my animation is appropriate and simple so that the audience can understand it easily. Techniques used: This animation has used a number of techniques to make it professional and attractive which eventually makes it successful. The animation has used buttons to navigate from scene to other by clicking the story bear or next. Users can start the story again if by clicking back to the start. This buttons are very useful as it allows the user to skip the scene or start the story again if they have missed any scene. I will also make that I use buttons on my animation so that user have some flexibility and can navigate easily. These features will make my animation professional and suitable for my audience. At the start of the animation there are two options to watch the story with sound or without sound. This is the technique used by most professional websites, it helps user to understand the story more easily and make the animation suitable for its purpose. This animation asks user to click on different things, when user click on an object the next scene can be watch. This means this animation has used different objects on different scenes as a button. I will use this technique on my animation as it will allow user to interact with the animation which will keep the user interested in the animation. This technique also makes the animation very professional which is a positive aspect about this animation. The object to click on An effect has been added to some objects so when a user is going to click on it and pointer is on it. The appearance of the object will change; a white border will surround this object. This technique will help users to show that this is the right object to click on to watch next scene. This technique is shown on the above screen shot. In this animation the objects has been used as buttons to make it interactive I will use this technique in my animation. I will also use objects or characters as buttons, which will allow users to watch next scene. I will use buttons on my animation and add effect so that the appearance of these buttons can be change when the pointer is on it. This technique will make my animation more eye-catching and aesthetic. The zoom in and out technique has been used several times in this animation. This technique helps user to see the close of the objects which will help them to understand the story. This is a very useful technique as it clearly shows what is happening in the story. I will use this technique where it is important. This will help me to meet the professional standard. This animation has used clouds and question mark to show that the characters are thinking. The face expression also shows that the characters are thinking because of the eye movement and hands position. Below the screen shots shows the two different characters of the story thinking. This animation is very professional because it shows the face expressions. The face of the Micky becomes red when he is angry. Below the screen shots are showing two different emotions. This is a high quality technique as this makes the story interesting and realistic. I will use this technique in my animation; I will show the facial expression of my characters to make my animation attractive to its audience and professional. This animation used a lot of motion tweens to show the movements. The legs of the characters move forward to show the walking effects, hands move to show that they are talking and thinking. At the start of the story the leaves are falling down. The birds beak is moving to show the talking effect, the eye balls of almost all characters are moving and the story bear is moving his one foot while thinking. This is a positive aspect on this animation as it makes the animation more interesting and realistic. I will definitely use motion tweens in my animation to show the characters walking and playing and to show the movements of objects. This will help me to create a realistic and appealing final product. Navigation and interaction: This animation is users friendly as its navigation is very effective. To watch the next scene users have to click next or story bear button, this button will also helps user to skip scene. There is another button start the story again which allow user to watch the story again. This gives the user some flexibility. This animation interacts with the users a lot as user have to click the button to watch the next scene and it also asks user to click on different objects. This animation allow user to get involve in the story which will keep their interest till the end. Strengths: Techniques: There are number of good points about this story. These strengths make the animation suitable for its purpose and audience. First of all the animation has used range of techniques. Such as motion tweens, zoom in, face expressions and user interaction. These techniques made the story interesting and professional. This animation also uses clouds to show what the characters are thinking. I will be using some of these techniques to ensure that my product is to the best possible standard. Another good point about this animation is that the scenes flow in a sequence which makes it suitable for its audience, as it is very easy for its audience to understand what is going in the story. I will make sure that the sequence of scenes of my animation is easy to understand and appropriate for my target audience so that they can enjoy the story. Characters and objects: This animation has got six different characters and used a lot of objects. The number of characters are appropriate as they not too much which makes the animation crowdy and audience would not be able to understand whats happening in the story or there not very few characters which makes the story boring. I will also make sure that the number of characters in my animation is appropriate so that my animation is not boring or crowded. This will make my animation suitable for its audience. Sound and text: The story has an option which allow user to listen to the story as well as reading. This is a good point of this animation because it makes the animation suitable for the purpose it has made for by improving their listening skills. The text of this animation is appropriate for its audience and help to keep the users interest till the end. I will include sound and text on my animation so that the users can understand the story easily by listening or reading it. This will give users some flexibility. I will also include some other sounds for example sound of a ball kick to make my animation vibrant and professional.

Gender Issues in Art History and Production

Gender Issues in Art History and Production Describe How Issues of Gender Are Important to the Production of Art and the Writing of Art History Feminism has given new and important insights into the production of art and the study of art history. It has not only helped us to discover the work of neglected women artists but has also given us a new approach to the study of art as a whole. Feminists built upon the earlier insights of Marxism. Traditional art history holds that works of art are the creations of individual genius – that they are forms of self- expression – but Marx argued that art is a product satisfying a demand, supporting the ideology of the ruling class. Part of that ideology included the subjection of women, who tended to be depicted in a subordinate role. These are the kind of arguments that Rozsika Parker and Griselda Pollock put forward in their book Old Mistresses: â€Å"Art is neither pure nor neutral. It is, as we have shown, an ideological practice, secured within power structures† (Parker 157). Power structures are not just those of sexism, they are also those of racism and class distinction; and thus feminism is closely bound up with the social history of art. With respect to gender distinctions, it seems clear that â€Å"femininity† and â€Å"masculinity† are to some extent social constructs. They are behaviour traits learned in childhood to satisfy the demands of society. Feminists have shown that the individual artistic â€Å"genius† is not a universal phenomenon but rather a feature of western art since the Renaissance. In other parts of the world, and in Medieval Europe, artists were often anonymous craftworkers. In the Middle Ages, both men and women worked at producing beautiful objects for the Church: illuminated manuscripts, carvings, embroideries. There was no distinction between â€Å"art† and â€Å"craft†, which was a distinction that arose during the Renaissance. The twentieth-century saw a partial end to this rather artificial division between â€Å"art† and â€Å"craft†. We have not yet seen â€Å"the death of painting†, but it is now rivalled in importance by other media. This rise in the status of the crafts has tended to benefit women artists, since women have always been closely involved with craftwork. The development of abstract art in the twentieth-century owes something to women’s k nowledge of the abstract patterns on textiles and embroidery. Sonia Delaunay and Sophie Taeuber-Arp, for example, were both fashion designers as well as painters (Chadwick 271). The split between â€Å"art† and â€Å"craft† which arose during the Renaissance was furthered by the new interest in the biographies of individual artists, as distinct from anonymous craftworkers. Vasari wrote a series of Lives of the Artists. The artist, unlike the craftworker, was expected to know about the rules of perspective and about history and the classics, which provided subjects for paintings. This kind of knowledge was usually denied to women, who had a restricted access to education, and this helps to explain why there were few female artists in the Renaissance – although artists’ daughters sometimes learned to paint, and there are examples of aristocratic lady artists, such as the painter Sofonisba Anguissola and the sculptor Properzia de Rossi. A myth developed that the true artist must be a temperamental â€Å"genius†, a rebel, a bohemian – as exemplified in the career of a painter like Caravaggio – and this meant that women’s work was not taken seriously, because a bohemian lifestyle would have been deemed inappropriate for a woman (Parker 99). Thus, because of restricted opportunities and the prejudices of society, it came about that no women were deemed to belong to the ranks of the â€Å"great artists†. Not surprisingly, feminists debunk the myth of the â€Å"great artist†, although it is also true that feminist art history itself still relies heavily on the biographies of individual women artists and seeks to demonstrate that their work has been undervalued. Germaine Greer makes the important point that overemphasis on â€Å"great artists† detracts our attention from the myriad of so-called â€Å"minor† talents: â€Å"The seven wonders of the world are not the only things worth looking at† (Greer 150). Indeed, artistic taste is something very personal, and the gallery visitor may find that she or he prefers the work of a â€Å"minor† painter to that of a far more famous name. â€Å"Great artists† are usually seen as innovators – Caravaggio’s use of dramatic light and shadow, for example – while â€Å"minor† artists are thought of as their followers. There are many examples of women as innovators: Sofonisba Anguissola helped to develop the new form of the domestic â€Å"conversation piece†; Rosalba Carriera popularised the new medium of pastel; Angelica Kauffman helped to introduce the Neo-Classical style to England; Helen Frankenthaler developed a new staining technique for producing abstract paintings. It may be true, however, that – until recently – women’s work has tended to be conservative rather than innovatory, and Germaine Greer provides a possible reason for this: The fact that so many gifted women strangled themselves in archconservatism is not some sort of secondary sexual characteristic working its way out, as if women are with necessity born with corsets on the mind. It comes of the very insecurity that these women felt upon entering into competition with men who seemed to have made all the running so far (Greer 131). There were also barriers to prevent women from competing with men in the first place. For example, women were usually excluded from art academies in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and denied the chance to copy the nude, which was the basis of the most prestigious art form, that of â€Å"history painting†. Women’s social lives were also restricted. Griselda Pollock points out that Baudelaire’s â€Å"flaneur† who wanders the streets of Paris is a male figure – a woman would not have been able to roam freely in this way (Pollock 70-72). This limited the subjects available for women to paint, and helps to explain why the Impressionist painter Berthe Morisot concentrated on domestic interiors. In order to visit the Paris horse market for her painting The Horse Fair, Rosa Bonheur had to disguise herself as a man (Parker 37). Women’s restricted opportunities meant that they tended to concentrate on â€Å"lesser† genres like portraiture and still-life. But the idea that there is a hierarchy in painting is now completely discredited, because there is obviously no link between the subject of a picture and its aesthetic quality. The flower paintings of seventeenth century Holland – many of which are by women – include some of the most beautiful works of art ever made. The academic hierarchy of genres broke down in the later nineteenth century, as Parker and Pollock explain: When avant-garde artists rejected academic theories and hierarchies, they took up the hitherto less prestigious fields of portraiture, landscape and still-life. Women could and did take full part in avant-garde movements based in these, for them, familiar areas of art (Parker 35). Berthe Morisot and Mary Cassatt, for example, were important in the new movement of Impressionism. The subject of gender and the visual arts also includes the ways in which gender roles are depicted. Up until the end of the eighteenth century, the male nude was probably more important than the female nude as a subject for art. One only needs to think of Greek sculpture and Michelangelo. But the female nude was also important, and these female nudes tend to depict women in a humiliating way, as objects of male fantasy. Carol Duncan argues that even the distorted nudes of avant-garde Modernism such as Picasso’s Les Demoiselles d’Avignon continue this way of portraying women into the twentieth century (Duncan 47-52). She is certainly correct to point out that it is strange that modern art, which is often said to move way from representation, still contains a surprisingly large number of female nudes. John Berger has demonstrated that the nudes in â€Å"old master† paintings often bear a surprising resemblance to the nudes in modern advertising images and porn m agazines (Berger 55). Berger points out that the nude is essentially dehumanising because â€Å"a naked body has to be seen as an object in order to become a nude† (Berger 54). It seems that Kenneth Clark, a traditionalist of the old school, would agree with Berger to some extent, since Clark writes of Manet’s Olympia that â€Å"to place on a naked body a head with so much individual character is to jeopardize the whole premise of the nude† (Clark 225). This rather dehumanising quality of the nude is, however, a quality that Clark admires, because he sees the nude as a vehicle for expressing a sense of ideal form, divorced from life to some degree; whereas Berger and the feminists are interested in showing how art reflects and constructs the attitudes and injustices of society. Paula Modersohn-Becker’s famous nude Self-Portrait of herself was an important and original contribution because of the individuality she gave to her features, subverting the whole tradition of the nude. Feminist artists seek to actively change society, and one of their achievements has been to draw attention to the stereotyped gender roles which appear in art, advertising and the media. Barbara Kruger’s famous print entitled Your Gaze Hits the Side of My Face draws attention to the fact that the male gaze can be a means of expressing dominance or hostility, a form of harassment. Cindy Sherman photographed herself in poses derived from stereotypical advertising and media images of women. Sylvia Sleigh painted a series of pictures showing male nudes in the kind of poses usually given to women, to demonstrate their absurdity. (The above examples from Kruger, Sherman and Sleigh are taken from Chadwick, chapter 13). Yet women’s art is concerned with much more than issues of gender and sexism. It may, indeed, be a mistake to consider women’s art as separate from men’s because it risks placing women’s art in a separate category, a kind of â€Å"ghetto† area. Works of art themselves have no gender. In this Postmodern era we should now do more to stress the individual contributions of individual women artists, who are much more than just representatives of their gender. Works Cited Berger, John. Ways of Seeing. London: Penguin, 1972. Chadwick, Whitney. Women, Art and Society. London: Thames Hudson, 1996. Clark, Kenneth. The Nude. New York: Doubleday, 1959. Duncan, Carol. â€Å"The MOMA’s Hot Mamas.† Art Journal Summer 1989:47-52. Greer, Germaine. The Obstacle Race: The Fortunes of Women Painters and their Work. New York: Farrar Strauss, 1979. Parker, Rozsika and Griselda Pollock. Old Mistresses: Women, Art and Ideology. London: Pandora Press, 1981. Pollock, Griselda. Vision and Difference: Femininity, Feminism and the Histories of Art. London: Routledge, 1988.

Essay --

There was once a poor, elderly fisherman with a wife and three children, who was in the habit of casting his net exactly four times each day. Despite he lived near a sea, his catch wasn't enough to feed the family and earn money for life, sometimes he had to choose between these things. His wife was always angry, she complained to herself about living with nothing. The children weren't clever, but they were good at fishing, and most of the time the old man took two of them with him when he was going fishing leaving one to help his mother. Once there was a storm, cloud were covering the whole sky so the sun couldn't be seen. Nobody in their right mind would go in such weather to the sea. But in fisherman's house left no food, so he was made by his wife to go there. He was standing on a cliff holding the net in his skinny, quavering. Suddenly a wave bumped him and he fall down in water. Waking up he realized that he was lying on sand in the sun. He found his net lying in seventeen meters from him, he came to it. But what's this? A golden lamp was entangled in his net. When he found the way to his home he put the lamp on the kitchen table for taking it to sale in a town. Telling his wife not to touch the lamp he went for fishing again, because he brought nothing but an old dirty lamp. He caught some fish for the dinner and went home. "I'm going to the town today to sell this lamp"- he said to the family. Before he went out he decided to polish the lap firstly to get more money. He started to polish it and a bright light illuminated the entire room. When the light had gone he saw a man looking at him, but there were no legs, there was just a smoke instead of them. "Who are you?!" - the fisherman asked. "I am called Jahar. I can f... ...aming that there had been no gold left, that she had spent all money and when she had not been able to pay the guard, they burned the house, killed her sons and took the gold. The man felt nothing but rage that fueled by his hatred for her. He smiled and told her to come with him, when they came to a room he took a dagger and slowly put stubbed it in her back. Seeing her dying in pain he understood that he caused all troubles by allowing jinn intervene in their lives. He took the lamp and came to the smith with the dagger with help of which he killed his wife. He gave it to him telling him to be careful with his wishes and put the dagger in his neck. He opened his eyes. He absolutely shocked lying in at home his bed near his wife absolutely shocked. It was just a dream. He went to the kitchen, took the lamp and ran to the sea to throw it away for nobody to find it.

Maria Mitchell Essay -- Essays Papers

This paper will discuss the life of Maria Mitchell and how she became the first woman astronomer in the United States. It will tell of where she grew up. How she climbed the ranks to achieve her goals and how she came into discovering her true passion of astronomy. By describing the events that made this courageous woman, we can see clearly how she set an example for her gender in the Nineteenth century. Women have always been at the forefronts of science, even though they have not always taken the credit for it. One of the defining marks of humanity is our ability to affect and predict our environment. Science - the creation of structure for our world - technology - the use of structure in our world - and mathematics - the common language of structure - all have been part of our human progress, through every step of our path to the present. Women and men together have researched and solved each emerging need. But in beginning of this paper, we will begin at the beginning and reveal the location of her birthplace to tell of her origins to seek the woman who broke many gender stereotypes. Maria Mitchell, an American astronomer, â€Å"was born August 1, 1818 in Nantucket, Massachusetts, USA.† (McPherson p.12) Her father, a member of the Quaker religion felt strongly that girls should receive education equal to that of boys. When Maria was sixteen she was already a teaching assistant to a schoolmaster. â€Å"It was this strict schoolmaster that gave Maria the advantage over the others,† (Weatherford p.144) in that she could quickly find problems and solve them. He was Cyrus Peirce, the founder of the first normal school in America, nowadays called a teacher's college. When she was seventeen she decided to open a school of her own. She rented a room and put an advertisement in the newspaper. The school closed after a year when Maria was offered a job as a librarian of Nantucket's Atheneum Library. This job was perfect for her, because she was earning a good salary and had time to study and read books. Her father also was â€Å"hired as cashier of the Pacif ic Bank.† (p.54) With his new job came the living quarters attached to the bank. Mr. Mitchell built an observatory on the roof and installed a brand-new four-inch telescope. He used it to do star observations for the United States Coast Guard and Maria helped her father with the measurements. One night in the Au... ...ollege. A crater on the moon was named for her. Posthumously, a tablet with her name was put in the New York University Hall of Fame, her name was carved in a frieze at the Boston Public Library, and she was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame. With all of these accomplishments in her career, it is not a wonder that she became the first woman astronomer in the United States of America. By proving herself worthy of what a man could do, she excelled beyond the call of duty and met all of the criteria that a man was supposedly only capable of doing. By having the courage and faith to do what she loved, she set the example for many women in the future to rise through the ranks of men and become just as successful. Bibliography: Gormley, Beatrice, Maria Mitchell: The Soul of an Astronomer, Eerdmans, William B. Publishing Company, December 1995. McPherson, Stephanie, Hetty Mitchell (Illustrator), Rooftop Astronomer: A Story about Maria Mitchell Lerner Publishing Group, The, June 1990. Mitchell Kendall, Phebe, Lee and Shepard, Maria Mitchell: Life, Letters and Journals, 1896. Weatherford, Doris, American Women's History, Prentice Hall General Reference, 1994.

Free Essays - Gene and Finny of A Separate Peace :: Separate Peace Essays

A Separate Peace Gene and Finny       In A Separate Peace, the main characters are foils of one another. The plot is pushed along by the changing dynamics of their friendship. Their relationship begins to drift apart when their personalities clash. The changing dynamics of Gene and Finny's relationship and the revelations in Gene's personality are what move the plot along.    At first, Gene fights against his memories. The story is opened with Gene returning to his old school, Devon. A struggle, or some sort of conflict, is clear by the way he practically forces himself to return to the staircase and the tree. He comments on how things have changed, which reflects how he himself has changed. The staircase is hard now, he notices, showing that he feels detached from the object. Meanwhile, the tree is now shrunken and identical to the other trees, which could mean that Gene has moved on from whatever significance the tree once held. The rain that starts falling later is a universal symbol of sadness, foreshadowing a tragic event later on in the story that involves him and the school. After seeing the tree and staircase and noting that they no longer seem as intimidating, a weight seems to be lifted off of Gene's conscious and he returns to shelter.    At first, Gene seems to be awed by Finny. Although his friend is more athletic than him, Gene is proud of the other boy's accomplishments. In fact, he is proud to be so close to a well-loved student. He considers himself lucky to be considered Finny's best friend. It becomes evident that jealously engrains itself into the friendship, however. Gene soon views not himself to be the lucky one, but Finny. He views all of Finny's good fortune to be his own bad luck. Whenever Finny gets out of trouble by being blatantly obvious, he thinks of it as himself being inadequate and not as good as his friend. This is shown at the luncheon both boys are invited to when Finny explains his inappropriate belt.    Although Gene and Finny are very different, they are also united in several ways. Both boys like to be in charge and are comfortable in leadership positions.

Technique of Indirect Characterization in “The Great Gatsby”

There is no single work of literature in the world, where a full, completed characterization of a person would be, no matter if he/she is the main character, or does not play any role in the novel at all. The main idea is to develop an image of a character through actions of others, and as it gets more complicated, the greater novel becomes. In Fitzgerald’s â€Å"The Great Gatsby† the author uses the technique of indirect characterization to make the reader feel the atmosphere of the society of the nineteen-twenties by analyzing its behavior. Gatsby, the true representative of all the greatness, richness, and beautifulness of the period, plays the main role in the novel by being the most mysterious and fabulous person. This is the reason why everyone talks about him and creates various rumors about his enigmatic life. Nick and Jordan also play important roles. Their main job is to transmit the Gatsby’s character. During their first meeting they mentioned Gatsby’s name only once, but then it became usual and kept being talked about. When they first kissed, Jordan had already told Nick about Gatsby’s love to Daisy. These discussions tied them together. And as the relationship between Nick and Jordan becomes closer, more information the reader gets from the novel. There is another situation when Nick finds out some negative characteristics of Jordan, such as carelessness, the unsuccessful time period of Gatsby’s life becomes being known by Nick, and so, by the reader. Nick’s company makes Gatsby feel more comfortable and opened. He is not afraid of being trustful with him, because recognizes an unaffected person in Nick, it reminds Gatsby of himself. Nick, in his turn, finds out some characteristics of Gatsby, and creates an image of a swift, strong, and sometimes embarrassed man. The idea of manipulating characters in order to describe someone in a novel makes the reader think on the work, try to reorganize thoughts, and complete the image of the character.

Reflective Practice Essay

I am writing this reflective journal in accordance with the CNO`s reflective practice standards and the LEARN model. Though my time on 600A has only just begun I have learned so much. Like many second year students, this is my first experience in the hospital. It has proven to be much different than my previous clinical experiences. My time with my first client stands out in my mind as a key learning experience. I like to believe that I am caring and compassionate with everyone I meet, especially in a professional setting. This particular client was a lady in her early 80s. She was good natured and very easy to get along with. She was cognitively aware and quite bright. As a result of bowel surgery she had an ostomy. This was new to her and I could tell she was unsure about it. My first day with her we did a lot of chatting and sharing. She told me about her husband, children and career as a kindergarten teacher. This helped build a certain level of comfort with me as a caregiver. I had her to come for walks with me down the hall and once she was up and moving she said she felt much better. I helped her with her first shower post-op. I made her feel more comfortable by promising to stay outside the door while she was in there. When she was finished, I helped her to apply lotion to her dry skin and at her request gave her a good back rub. My shift ended and I said my goodbyes. My client told me she was sad to see me go and was looking forward to my return the next morning. That night when I went home I did some research into ostomies. Through my textbooks and previous experience I had a solid knowledge of the basic care but just in case I wanted to refresh. I was excited to return to clinical the next morning. My client had a big smile for me when I walked into her room. Throughout the evening the ostomy nurse had come in, did some assessments and quickly taught my client how to empty and clean the appliance. Unfortunately since the nurse was very busy she did not have the time practice with her. My client told me she was unsure and nervous about performing the task. Since I had taken the extra time to do the research the night before, I was able to take the client into  the bathroom and walk her through the steps. I had the knowledge necessary to put my client at ease and make her feel more comfortable with this new situation. My client went home that day while I was still on shift. Before she left she thanked me and told me she wouldn`t have felt ready to leave if I had not been able to teach her about the appliance. She even made sure I met her husband and he thanked me as well. I felt very proud to be a student nurse that day. I believe I had a positive impact on that client. I took the time to care for the client and attend to her post-operative needs. As the former president of the CNO, Sandra Ireland said, â€Å"Nursing is not like any other job — it is a profession that allows us to influence lives in ways that we know and ways that we cannot imagine. Clients and families carry with them the words of comfort, caring and encouragement you say during difficult times and throughout the rest of their lives.â€Å" (Ireland, 1998) My client had a big adjustment to make and I was there to offer the support she needed. By taking the time to care about my client, not only as a client but as a person I was able to make her stay at the hospital a better experience for her and her family. She felt comfortable and well cared for and her husband was more at ease knowing people were there to care when he couldn`t be. I was able to anticipate the client`s needs and prepare myself to assist with those needs as they arose. The Sault College Practical Nursing Program beliefs on caring are outlined in the student success guide. It states, â€Å"Caring is the essence of nursing practice. When caring is the foundation for helping relationships, each person is a partner in growth towards optimal health. The interpersonal connection between caregiver and client transcends time, gender and technology. It is our view that caring, as an interpersonal interaction can be learned. A caring nurse strives for competence and excellence in the professional practice. Caring can be modeled, acquired, practiced, perfected and evaluated.† (Sault College of Applied Arts & Technology School of Health & Community Services, 2008) Based on this principle of caring I feel I did a good job of caring for my client post-operative needs. I was able to form a  caring relationship with her. I was competent in the skills I performed with her and she left me healthier than when we first met. My care was lacking a holistic approach. Looking back I did an excellent job at caring for this woman and her new ostomy but I forgot about just the woman. Lois White explains, nursing the whole person: physical, emotional, intellectual, psychological, spiritual and sociocultural, is essential to ensure the health and well-being of a client in the healthcare system. By ignoring the other areas I did not provide the best care I’m capable of. She may have had some self-esteem issues related to having this appliance or concerns about how others will react, especially her family and friends. An ostomy is a huge adjustment to make and as the nurse I could have offered some support. The more time I get to practice caring and working on interpersonal connections with clients the better I will be at caring. I believe caring is an art and a skill and they only way to perfect it is to do it. I will try spending more time thinking and planning how I am going care for my clients. I will reflect on how my work with clients affected them and gauge this with their reactions. The client themselves are in the best position to evaluate my skills as a caregiver. This week when I return to the clinical setting I will put my new approach into action. After data collecting I will think about more about the holistic person than just treatments involved with their current surgery or illness. I will do my best to identify any issues fears the client is facing and offer support for these. I will speak to my client about their mental and social wellness and do my best to assess their status within my scope. If nothing more I may be able to offer brochures or phone numbers for support groups in the area. While working with the nurses, I will observe their interactions with the clients and the care they provide. I will attempt to use the good I see and learn from the bad. If I find someone with a style of caring I truly admire I will find time to discuss it with them and take in any jewels of wisdom  they have to offer me. At the end of the day or when I find a quiet moment I will reflect on the care I provided that day. I will think about my clients, and how I made them feel. My goal is receive positive feedback from all the clients I interact with each clinical day, whether it is verbal or a simple smile. I will leave my clients knowing that I provided them with the best, holistic care I could. I would also like to take some time either on a break or after clinical ends and really talk to my classmates about how they feel they are doing. We could discuss not just the new skills we learned and may have preformed, as per usual, but their progress with caring. Through this reflection I expanded my definition of care. I have always provided good care for my client’s ailments but I never took the time to really think about everything they may need to feel well again. Secondly I realized in order to be a truly caring nurse you need to take the time to think about your actions and interactions with clients. Reflecting back on the day, whether it is formal and written as in this journal or with classmates on the way home, will help me learn, grow and develop as a nurse. References: Ireland, S. (March 2004). President`s message. The Standard, 29 (1), 4. Sault College of Applied Arts & Technology School of Health & Community Services. (2008). Practical nursing program student success guide 2008-2009. Sault Ste Marie, ON. White, Lois. (2000). Foundations of Nursing: Caring for the Whole Person. Albany,NY: Cengage Learning

Academic performance Essay

CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction Learning performance talks about how do the student is accomplishing his or her duties,responsibilities and studies. There are some factors that determine the status and the rate of students. Learning performanceis what you have shown you can do in a certain subject. Ability is a talent,skills or proficiency in a particular area. It is what you can do, given ideal circumtance.You can think of it as being internal and hidden untilyou show what what you can do with your performance. Performance is the execution of an action,something accomplished. It is external and what people see. For example,someone that freaks out when they have graded recitation may bomb it and have poor performance, even though they knew the material and had the ability to do the graded recitation if they hadn’t been so nervous. The term â€Å"Learning† is given a range of meaning. In everyday talk, media and television it is rarely used. When it is, it usually implies â€Å"being taught†. In the world of education learning may be used a lot, but on closer inspection the term can be standing in for distinctly different processes such as teaching, producing,performing according to certain criteria, and so on. And in classroom it is rarely heard. Learning achievement or learning performance is the outcome of education, the extent to which a student, teacher or institution has acchieved their education goals. Learning achievement is commonly measured by examinations or continuous assesment but there is no general agreement on how it is best tested on which aspect are most impotant procedural knowledge such as skills or declarative knowledge such as facts. Learning performance refers to how student deal with their studies and how they cope with or accomplish different tasks given to them by their teachers. It is the ability to study and remember facts and being able to communicate your knowledge verbally or down on paper. *According to researh,a review of devlopments across the 20th century highlighted that learning is now seen as change in knowledge occuring through a process of knowledge construction in which the social context of learning is important 1.Learner differences and contextual differences are both shown to be influential. Studies of the social context of learning have helped us see that understanding is a shared phenomenon that learning may usefully be seen as joining a knowledge community, and that much learning remains very  specific to the social situation in which it was originally learned2. In every school and every classroom, views of learning are present, even if they remain implicit. The long standing culture of classroom is : teaching is telling, learning is listening. Knowledge is subject matter taught by teachers and found in books3.This does not accord with evidence from research. But it will inhabit classroom life unless there is clear action to counter it. And there is important research showing that classroom can create a better view.In the meaning held by learners themselves, views of learning have become a key focus of research. Studies of adult students have identified a range of learning: Increasing one’s knowledge memorizing and reproducing applying, general rules to particulars understanding, making sense changing the peson4 Effective learners are likely to have a rich conception of learning, along with strengths in what researchers have identified as metacognition, self-monitoring and self-regulation. There are several thing that effect the learning performance of the office administration student. First is financial problem wherein the students are financial capable in supporting their studies and needs. The student don’t have enough money to pay their tuition fees, school projects, photo copies, assignment, and other needs in school.Second is family problems. Family has a big part in students life. It affects their learning performance to catch up the lessons according to their daily lives. Crisis in family is one of the major problem why does the students fail to focus or give their 100% to understand the lessons. Then time management. Most of the students are having difficulties in dividing their time of their academic and non-academic activities, rackets or partime job. This may result to the student a bad performance in school. There times that they missed the classes because of their partime job and other activities.Followed by the student habits, some of tha students don’t read their books and lectures after school hours and didn’t listen in class discuccion because of inproper used of gadgets like cellphones, tablets and ipads so they didn’t understand much the lessons. Next is the student discipline. Some of the students didn’t obey the school policies, rules and  regulations, educational norms and school traditions. Then problem with the professors. Some students don’t want to attend or don’t want to listen to their professors because he or she is boring so that the student become not interested in the lessons, also when the professors are ve ry terror and stressful the student’s vission they found it hard to give their full focus in learning because of the way their professors discipline them. Peer pressure. There are some students skip classes because their friends or classmates influence to just go to malls, playing computer games, drink alcoholic beveranges and other gimmics instead of attending classes. Romantic relationship. The students can’t concentrate studying because they keep on thinking about their problems. The latter sometimes didn’t attend class because of the heartache caused by their boyfriend or girlfriend. They didn’t know how to handle such situations that bring them to fail their subjects. Second to the last thing are facilities and equipments. Most of the equipment and facilities such as rooms, laboratories, chairs, typewritters and computers are not suitable or limited for the population we have in our university. The students can’t concentrate studying because of the noise outside the classroom that usually came from the school quadrangle. They may not acquire the actual knowledge and skills they need. Lastly is educational psychology. It is the study of how the student learnin educational settings, the effectiveness of educational interventions, the psychology of teaching, and social psychology of schools as oganizations. Every individual has differences in learning. There are some students who easily underrstand the topic discussed inside the classroom and there are also students who can’t understand the lessons that easy as others can and the problem is they don’t even asking so they totally don’t know what are the lessons discussed. The study of learning performance is for better improvement f office management student performance gaining knowledge. It can enhance the self-esteem of the students to perform well. and enridh their studies. A focus on learning can enhance perfomance, whereas a focus on perfomance (alone) can depress performance. The effects of performance orientation include greater helplessness, reduced help-seeking, less strategy use, more maladaptive strategies and a greater focus on grade feedback. There is an increase strategic behaviour rather than learning behaviour, a focus on looking good rather than learning well, and a tendency  to perceive education as a process of jumping through hoops, rather than something more transferable and lasting. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK This part presents the conceptual framework and problem analysis of the study. The main research question is the thing that are affecting the gaining knowledge performance of the students. Sub topic research question such as financial problems, family problems, time management, problem with the professors, peer pressure, study habits, romantic relationship, student discipline, facilities and equipment and educational psychology have been found to have an effect on student’s learning performance. It affects student learning performance in terms of time demanded and the psychological state they may cause.

Gestational Diabetes Essay

The clinic RN reviews Amanda’s prenatal record prior to performing a nursing assessment. Amanda has given birth twice, once at 35-weeks (twins) and once at 39-weeks (singleton). All of these children are alive and well. She has had one spontaneous abortion at 9-weeks gestation. 1. How should the nurse record Amanda’s obstetrical history using the G-T-P-A-L designation? A) 3-2-0-1-3. B) 3-1-1-1-2. C) 4-1-1-1-3. D) 4-2-1-0-2. Correct answer(s): C The nurse notes that Amanda’s fasting 1 hour glucose screening level, which was done two days previously, is 158 mg/dl. 2. The nurse recognizes that what information in the client’s history supports a diagnosis of gestational diabetes? A) Maternal great-aunt has insulin dependent (Type 1) diabetes. B) Youngest child weighed 4300 grams at 39-weeks gestation. C) Trace of protein noted in urine specimen at last prenatal visit. D) Client is 64 inches tall and weighed 134 prior to pregnancy. Correct answer(s): B Further Glucose Screening Amanda is scheduled for a 3 hour oral glucose tolerance test in 5 days, and is told to arrive at the lab at 8:30 am. Amanda asks if there are any special instructions for the test in addition to fasting for 8 hours immediately prior to the test. 3. Which instruction should the nurse give the client? A) Only coffee or tea is allowed once the fasting level has been drawn. B) Follow an unrestricted diet and exercise pattern for at least 3 days before the test. C) Write down questions and call the laboratory for instructions the day before the test. D) Smoking in moderation is allowed up until the time the test begins. Correct answer(s): B Amanda asks the nurse why she wasn’t tested for gestational diabetes until she was almost 28-weeks gestation. 4. The nurse’s response should be based on the understanding of which normal physiologic change of pregnancy? A) Maternal insulin crosses the placenta to regulate fetal glucose levels throughout pregnancy. B) In the first trimester, estrogen and progesterone cause an increase in maternal fasting glucose levels. C) Hormonal changes in the second and third trimesters result in increased maternal insulin resistance. D) Fetal insulin production increases each trimester, forcing the mother’s body to produce more glucose. Correct answer(s): C Interdisciplinary Client Care Amanda’s 3 hour Oral Glucose Tolerance Test indicates that she does have gestational diabetes. The RN phones Amanda and arranges for her to meet with the CNM and perinatologist, as well as an RN diabetes educator and a registered dietician (RD) the next day. The perinatologist and CNM discuss gestational diabetes with Amanda and after seeking input from Amanda, outline their suggested plan of care, which includes dietary control and glucose self-monitoring. After the perinatologist and CNM leave, Amanda appears confused and asks the RN, â€Å"Does this mean I will always have diabetes?† 5. Which response should the nurse give to the client? A) â€Å"You will need to be periodically evaluated for Type 2 diabetes for the rest of your life.† B) â€Å"There should be no problem as long as you do not have to use insulin during this pregnancy.† C) â€Å"There is no need to talk about this now. We’ll discuss it at your first postpartum visit.† D) â€Å"Tell me what worries you about the possibility of developing Type 2 diabetes after your pregnancy ends.† Correct answer(s): A After all her questions are answered, Amanda is scheduled for a return visit with the CNM in one week, and is escorted to the office of the registered dietician (RD). The RD discusses the need to control carbohydrates while maintaining an appropriate carbohydrate-protein-fat ratio to promote consistent weight gain (based on the woman’s body mass index), prevent ketoacidosis, and encourage normoglycemia (euglycemia). Amanda is then introduced to the RN diabetes educator. She asks the nurse to clarify what the RD told her about the content and timing of her meals. 6. Which response should the nurse give to the client? A) Eliminate the bedtime snack if heartburn develops after eating. B) Choose complex carbohydrates that are high in fiber content. C) Increase the percentage of protein in the diet if anemia develops. D) Vary timing of meals and snacks based on individual preferences. Correct answer(s): B The RN diabetes educator makes a plan of care to teach Amanda to monitor her glucose levels. The RN diabetes educator discusses the use of self-glucose monitoring and gives Amanda verbal and written guidance about optimal glucose levels at each glucose testing point throughout the day. The nurse also provides instruction about calibration of the glucose monitor, fingerstick technique, and use of the monitor for testing. After reviewing the instructions and a successful return demonstration, the diabetes educator and Amanda agree to meet after Amanda’s prenatal appointment to follow-up on today’s teaching/learning. 7. Which fingerstick blood glucose (FSBG) testing protocol should the diabetes educator recommend for Amanda? A) Only if symptoms of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia occur. B) Prior to breakfast (fasting) and two hours after each meal. C) Before and two hours after all meals, at bedtime, and during the night. D) Once daily until glucose levels are stabilized, then weekly. Correct answer(s): B A Complication Occurs Amanda manages her gestational diabetes with diet. She experiences a few episodes of postprandial hyperglycemia, but does not have to go on insulin. At her 36-week prenatal visit, the CNM assesses Amanda and finds that there is no increase in fetal growth since the week before. When questioned further, Amanda tells the CNM that the infant has seemed to â€Å"slow down† a little the last few days. After consultation with the perinatologist, a biophysical profile (BPP) is scheduled and Amanda is admitted to the hospital’s antepartum unit. The antepartum RN performs a nonstress test (NST) as part of the BPP. 8. The nurse recognizes which fetal heart rate (FHR) changes indicate a reactive nonstress test? A) Persistent late decelerations associated with three uterine contractions, lasting 40 to 60 seconds each in a 10 minute period. B) An increase in the FHR baseline to 170 beats per minute, lasting for at least 20 minutes. C) Marked, long term FHR variability in response to contractions caused by nipple stimulation. D) Two episodes of acceleration (> 15 beats/minute, lasting > 15 seconds) related to fetal movement in a 20 minute period. Correct answer(s): D Amanda has a non-reactive Non-stress Test. She is taken to the ultrasound department for completion of the BPP and her total score is 6 (Fetal Breathing Movements = 2, Gross Body Movements = 0, Fetal Tone = 2, Reactive Non-stress Test = 0, and Qualitative Amniotic Fluid Volume = 2). Based on this score, the perinatologist recommends an amniocentesis be completed to assess for lung maturity prior to making a decision whether to induce delivery for Amanda the next day. 9. Prior to the amniocentesis, which action should the nurse take first? A) Administer Rh immune globulin (RhoGAM) if client is Rh negative. B) Assist the client to the bathroom and ask her to empty her bladder. C) Apply the external fetal monitor to evaluate uterine contractility. D) Clean the abdomen with betadine solution and sterile 4 by 4s. Correct answer(s): B Amanda and her fetus are monitored for two hours after the procedure and display no adverse effects so the external fetal monitor is discontinued. The amniocentesis reveals fetal lung maturity and an induction is scheduled for the next morning. At 2 a.m. Amanda complains of increased uterine discomfort. She is contracting every 10 minutes and while the antepartum nurse is in the room, Amanda’s membranes rupture spontaneously. 10. Which action by the nurse takes priority? A) Notify the CNM and perinatologist of the changes in Amanda’s status. B) Transfer Amanda to the labor-delivery-recovery (LDR) suites. C) Reapply the external fetal monitor to evaluate the fetal heart rate. D) Start an intravenous line using an 18 gauge or larger intravenous catheter. Correct answer(s): C

Establishing Effective Working Relationships Essay

Establishing Effective Working Relationships - Essay Example These are orienting the learner to the practice setting, encouraging the patient acceptance of the learner and the role of the practice as a teaching facility, adapting the patient schedule while working with the learner, keeping the flow going, and finding some time to teach the students. The efficient and effective orientation includes the establishment of a system that can orient learners to help assure the teacher that he or she will be able to cover all the relevant points with each learner. Some preceptors tend to use the checklist in reminding the learners of the topics that are to be covered while clarifying his or her expectation. If learners are made to be available throughout, it can help save time in writing out procedures, policies, expectations and responding to questions after the learner reviews the handout. Letting learners note their past experiences reviewed in previous meetings can also be an effective step in assessing the levels and skills of the students. As an orientation process, the development of 5-8 rotation objectives that can be achieved with the learners can help in focusing the process of teaching during the rotation process. Preceptors that adopt the process to write the rotation objectives down and make sure they are hanging in the clinical area to create awareness to other staff of the interest of the learner. Encouraging other staff to take part in the orientation process lightens the workload and helps the staff to feel that they have invested in the education of the learner.

Case study analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Case study analysis - Essay Example Many foreign business people were encouraged to invest in Russia and a privatisation programme was introduced, as well. The economic reform policy led to high inflation rates in 1992 and the succeeding eight years. The national output fell by almost 20 per cent in 1992 leading to increased unemployment rate in the same year. There was a huge government deficit in 1992 rising from 1.5 per cent in the first quarter to 15 per cent in the last quarter. The economic growth rate slowed down in 1993 until 2000 where the economy almost realised full recovery. Inflation may refer to the general increase in prices of commodities in an economy. Following the introduction of the reform policy in 1991, Russian economy experienced a hyperinflation in 1992, which amounted to 1527 per cent. The reform critics argued that the Russian economy was very rigid to adopt the mixed economy system. They added that the increased rate of money supply of 600 per cent contributed to the increased inflation rates. When the government abolished the price controls, the monopoly producers hiked the prices of their products. The consumers, on the other hand, could not afford the goods sold at high prices and this lead to a huge decline in demand. The forces of foreign investors lead to some local producers escape the industry and, as a result, there were huge shortages of commodities in the market. Consequently, the decreased supply levels led to increased prices of commodities, such as food and clothing (Leitzel 213). The rate of inflation rose from less than 200 per cent in 1991 to more than 1400 per cent in 1992. In 1993, the inflation rate fall drastically to around 300 per cent and reduced gradually to a value below 10 per cent in 1997. Despite the financial crisis in 1998, the rate of inflation remained constant until 199 when it rose with a small per cent. Since 2000, the rate of inflation has remained below 15 per cent until 2008 (see the blue curve). The real GDP declined

Recruitment and retention plan for entry level officers Research Paper

Recruitment and retention plan for entry level officers - Research Paper Example Recruitment means evaluating the psychological profile, mental ability and physical conditioning of a candidate. Once an applicant is selected, they undergo training and further evaluation to assure the capacity to perform up to rigorous standards of duty. Important to the process is a retention element. Keeping good employees saves the effort to find new ones. In conclusion, the recruitment process must be vigorous and detailed in order to attract, train and keep the best candidates for these vital and potentially dangerous positions of public trust. Recruitment Plan: Police Department Service The police service is looked upon as the source of a highly important helpful activity- the protection of life and liberty. Thus, a successful recruitment plan must overcome any recruit’s perceived career limitations with the following incentives: a purposeful job, a stimulating set of responsibilities, a collegial working environment, reasonable pay and benefits, opportunities for care er advancement, and job security. (Bailey, 1995, p. 513) The key to a successful recruitment plan is to attract the most qualified candidates.

Augustus from Prima Porta Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Augustus from Prima Porta - Essay Example "The posture is that of a victorious general addressing his troops, and the emperor is shown in armor. His breastplate is sculpted with scenes of Roman military triumph and the mythological figures of gods and goddesses. The pose of the figure is clearly based on the Greek model of the Spear Carrier, and the face shown is that of a handsome man in the prime of life." (Lewis and Lewis, 230) Through an effective combination of Greek idealization and Roman realism, this marble statue creates a convincing portrait of a 'real man' and a successful image of the perfect leader. Augustus is represented in this statue as the 'pater patriae', who is looking down on his people with calm concern and complete self confidence. Therefore, it is essential to realize that Augustus of Prima Porta, which is now displayed in the Braccio Nuovo of the Vatican Museums, is a perfect example of the Imperial Roman statuary and Augustus, in this statue, consciously attempts to identify himself with the ultimat e authority of Rome during the Golden Age of the Roman civilization. In a reflective analysis of Augustus of Prima Porta, it becomes lucid that this statue of the emperor Augustus can rightly be considered one of the most essential examples of the enigmatic works of art from the Augustan era.

Economic Development and Corruption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economic Development and Corruption - Essay Example In a developing economy there is improvement in the standard of living of people and focus on environmental stability also increases. Economic stability can sometime also give rise to materialism. People strive hard to make more money and they often use unethical means to achieve their materialistic targets. One such unethical method is corruption. Different people hold different views about the impact of corruption on the economic development. Many people view it as a barrier to economic development while others believe that it does not impact the society and economic development much (Easterly 2006). This paper is going to discuss various anecdotal evidence and view that people have about corruption in relation to economic development. Economies in the transition face often have large number of lobbying efforts going on. These economies are aiming for economic development and hence they do not care much about lobbying efforts and governments of these economies are more susceptible to lobbying pressures than a government of a more developed nation. The evidence and research shows that these lobbies often pay huge sum of money to the government pressures to accept their demand. The corrupt political system in these countries makes it possible for people to form lobbies and put pressure on political leaders. These leaders often get directions from these lobbies if they pay them well. Since many lobbying groups are fighting for what is good for their own business, they end up doing well for the society also. The theory of invisible hand comes into play here. The theory states that any action done for one’s own self motive or profit will eventually translate into good for the society. Hence, corruption in all cases is not bad and research on 4000 firms in developing countries shows that corruption has played a role in the economic development of a nation. (Campos & Giovannoni 2007) In another paper, it was argued that corruption is essentially bad for a gro wing economy. First of all, corruption reduces the value of shareholders. In growing economies where corruption is extremely high, the expected profit that the shareholders expect to make does not materialize. Much of the profit is lost in the corrupt red-lines of bureaucracy and hence shareholder value goes down in the corrupt economies. Many foreign companies therefore try not to invest in corrupt nations fearing that returns on investment in these economies would be far less than if the investment is made in the local setting. This reduces foreign direct investment flows into the corrupt economies and poses a big problem for the economic development. This argument shows us that corruption can be a big barrier in the economic development of a nation. (Weitzel & Berns 2006) In a recent paper written by a well known economist, it was argued that corruption is actually good for the economies. It increases the flow of wealth in the economy from one hand to another and promotes economi c activity which leads to economic development. It was argued that corruption becomes bad when the corruption money goes out from the system. Evidence shows that many political and rich figures in the developing economies put their money in bank accounts in the foreign countries. This is an example of money flowing out of the system and this money does not promote any

Diagnosis Related Groups Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Diagnosis Related Groups - Essay Example A patient is assigned this category of DRG when all the operating room procedures performed on this patient are unrelated to the major diagnostic category of the patient's principal diagnosis. DRG 468 thus pays for discharge in which the patient undergoes an operating room procedure entirely unrelated to this admission's principal diagnosis. This is against the PPS classification of discharges of clinically coherent groups. Although this is possible in some cases, DRG 468 can be an example of DRG creep. The attending physician may misspecify the principal diagnosis, secondary diagnosis, or the procedure on the attestation sheet. It can also be the result of miscoding, where the hospital assigns an incorrect numeric code to the diseases or procedures which had been correctly attested by the physician in charge. In some cases to avoid investigation, the hospital may substitute a secondary diagnosis for the correct principal diagnosis. Therefore for appropriation of facts, auditing and review is necessary that would identify discharges in which coding rules are either ignored or not applied appropriately. DRG 468 is assigned when all the operating room procedures are unrelated to the major diagnostic category for which the patient had been admitted. Most often, these patients are admitted with a principal diagnosis that does not need any surgery. ... To assess the appropriateness, the ICD-9-CM coding guidelines should be applied to do the initial coding and for auditing if such has been used. The principal diagnosis is always the reason for admission, which should be backed by records indicating circumstances at admission, diagnostic workup, and therapy provided. The scenario is not an admission of the patient to treat two conditions, it is rather two conditions present during admission. While auditing and reviewing, it is to be determined whether the principal diagnosis was the reason for admission and treatment. If at admission, there were more than one diagnoses, use of guidelines for selecting the principal diagnosis would be used with consideration of circumstances at admission, diagnosis workup, and the therapy provided. The principal procedure must be performed for definitive treatment, not for diagnostic purposes, exploratory purposes, or for a complication. If there are two procedures done, then the one most related to t he principal diagnosis would be selected as the principal procedure. The procedure must be significant as defined by the Uniform Hospital Discharge Data Set would be used, and for this to qualify, it must be surgical under anesthesia with the operator being specially trained. The audit must look at the detailed documentation in the medical record. There must be enough proof and substantiation that it was medically necessary. The coding should be done from the narrative description of the procedure, not from the written title of the procedure. The approach and closure of the procedure are integral part of one significant procedure, not two separate